“Sometimes external factors, such as warfare or the discovery of chemical anesthetics, have caused hypnosis to be neglected; sometimes internal factors, such as the extravagant claims of practitioners, have dismayed more sober-minded researchers. Even now, for all the intensity and excellence of academic research that has been devoted to the subject over the last fifty years, the proliferation of new-age forms of hypnotherapy threatens to tarnish its reputation. And hypnosis has a fragile reputation: it doesn’t take much for the general public to remember that it was once thought to be a load of nonsense. But she simply refuses to disappear. In the history of science and especially medicine, countless theories have run aground on the highway, but all attempts to push hypnosis off the road have failed. Her perseverance is not only a testament to her fascination, but also to the fact that she is real and effective. In the eighteenth century and for most of the nineteenth century, from Mesmer to Elliotson, hypnosis or its precursor, animal magnetism, was a religious experience. The subject often reached a kind of ecstasy, and the mesmerist presented himself as a ritual magician who sometimes dressed accordingly and always made mysterious gestures with his hands; Braid, Charcot, Bernheim and others fitted hypnosis into a more scientific framework, and it became an important tool in the developing field of psychology. Then Freud cursed it, and Ted Barber and his colleagues tried to prove that there was no such thing as hypnosis. Hypnosis is no longer as central to psychological research as it was at the end of the nineteenth century. The main impetus for hypnosis research today comes from its value in medicine, and even if Barber were right, hypnosis continues to be used by working clinicians who often have little time for the theories of experimental psychologists.