James EsdaileM.D., E.I.C.S., Bengal (1808-1859), a Scottish surgeon who served with the East India Company for twenty years, is a notable figure in the history of mesmerism particularly in surgical anesthesiology via Esdaile’s condition at the time immediately preceding the discovery of chloroform by James Young Simpson.
Esdaile is considered by many to be a pioneer in the use of hypnosis for surgical anesthesia in the period immediately preceding James Young Simpson’s discovery of chloroform.. However, Esdaile had not studied hypnosis or mesmerism himself.